SCREEN TEST COMBI- 8 URINE STRIPS (Save up to 50% on competitor's strips!)

 

The use of urine test strips is acknowledged as modern screening method in medical practice. With these non-invasive tests important information on the health status of the patient is rapidly obtained. The urine sample is easily drawn and can immediately be investigated with a test strip. Thus one obtains within minutes a result, which facilitates the decision for further diagnostic and therapeutic action. Only on pathological results for certain parameters, a subsequent, e.g. microscopic, examination of the urine is necessary. If the test strip result is without pathological finding and the patient is not clinically conspicuous, further time- and cost-intensive investigations, can often be avoided. This saves considerable costs for the healthcare system and spares the patient unnecessary examinations. Urine test strips from Miller  are especially user-friendly. Due to the high resistance towards interferences by ascorbic acid, a second testing for sensitive parameters such as blood or glucose is unnecessary in most cases. The optimised, flexible shape of the test strips also allows the examination of very small amounts of urine. This is an indispensable advantage, especially in the field of pediatrics.

 

 Price Per 100 strips £14.99 or  Choose one of the following special offers:

 

Offer	Price	(Equivilant Single Pack Price)
Buy 4 Packs and receive1 free of charge	£59.96	£12.00
Buy 10 Packs and receive 3 free of charge	£149.99	£11.53

 

 

Technical Information on the Combi - 8 Tests

	Glucose-Test Principle, Evaluation, Diagnostic  This test is for the early diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. It is also used for the easy supervision of Type II Diabetics. Principle: The detection is based on the glucoseoxidase- peroxidase-chromogen reation. The oxidation of glucose by atmospheric oxygen is catalyzed by glucoseoxidase to form gluconic acid lactone and hydrogen peroxide. Peroxidase catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with the chromogen. Apart from glucose, no other compound in urine is known to give a positive reaction. Evaluation: Pathological glucose concentrations are indicated by a colour change from green to bluish green. Yellow or greenish test fields should be considered negative or normal. All test fields which have an intensity greater than the greenish negative colour field must be considered positive. The colour fields correspond to the following ranges of glucose concentrations: neg. (yellow), neg. or normal (greenish), 50, 150, 500 and ≥1000 mg/dl or neg. (yellow), neg. or normal (greenish), 2.8, 8.3, 27.8 and ≥55.5 mmol/l. An inhibitory effect is produced by gentisic acid. Falsely positive reactions can also be produced by a residue of peroxide-containing cleansing agents. For test strips that already feature the optimal protection against ascorbic acid, the glucose test is not influenced by vitamin C. These strips are marked in the ordering information. Other test strips may show false negative results with larger amounts of ascorbic acid in the sample. Diagnosis: Because of the clear distinction between physiological and pathological glucosuria, the test is especially suitable for the detection of diabetes mellitus and for supervising (and self-supervising) of diabetes. Apart from diabetes mellitus, renal glucosuria with increased glucose concentrations may be noted during pregnancy, and after a meal with excessive carbohydrates. Every positive test reaction requires further diagnosis
	Ascorbic acid test Principle, Evaluation, Diagnostic  Modern Medi-Test urine test strips have the best available protection against influences of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the sample. For historic reasons, many test strips still feature a test pad for ascorbic acid. All test strips that already have the optimal protection against ascorbic acid are marked in the ordering information.   Principle: The detection is based on the de-colouration of Tillman‘s reagent. The blue coloured 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol sodium salt is reduced to the colourless leuco form by ascorbic acid. In the presence of ascorbic acid a colour change takes place from blue to red. Evaluation: The colour fields correspond to the following values: 0 (negative), 10 (+) and 20 (++) mg/dI or 0 (negative), 0.6 (+) and 1.1 (++) mmol/I. Ascorbic acid may lead to false negative results for glucose and blood. Therefore, the glucose and blood test must be repeated on positive findings for ascorbic acid, however, at the earliest 10 hours after the last vitamin C intake. Please note: For URYXXON® Stick 10 and Combi 10® SGL normal concen- trations of ascorbic acid (< 40 mg/dl) do not interfere, with the tests of blood and glucose. Diagnosis: The wide spread intake of ascorbic acid (e.g. in vitamin C therapy, as a therapeutical ingredient and stabilizer of numerous medicaments, oxidation inhibitors and preservatives in food industry) causes a rapid saturation of the organism, and a renal excretion of the excess. Interfering ascorbic acid concentrations may be reached after the ingestion of fruit juice or plenty of fruit. Therefore, the ascorbic acid test zone minimizes falsely negative results. As with glucose detection, blood detection is also disturbed by low concentrations of ascorbic acid, whereas high ascorbic acid concen-trations interfere with the nitrite and bilirubin test zones.
	Protein Test Principle, Evaluation, Diagnostic  This test is for the early detection of renal and urinary tract diseases   Principle: The test is based on the „protein error“ principle of indicators. The test zone is buffered to a constant pH value and changes colour from yellow to greenish blue in the presence of albumin. Other proteins are indicated with less sensitivity. Evaluation: The test strip detects values above 10 mg protein/dl urine. The colour fields correspond to the following ranges of albumin concentrations: negative, 30, 100 and 500 mg/dl or negative, 0.3, 1.0 and 5.0 g/l. Falsely positive results are possible in strongly alkaline urine samples (pH > 9), after infusions with polyvinylpyrrolidone (blood substitute), after intake of medicaments containing quinine, and also by disinfectant residues in the urine sampling vessel. The protein colouration may be masked by the presence of medical dyes (e. g. methylene blue) or beetroot pigments. Diagnosis: The limit of a physiological proteinuria lies between 10 and 30 mg/dl. It differentiates between: 1) Benign proteinuria is observed after physical strain, orthostatic proteinuria, with fever and during pregnancy. In such cases the protein excretion rate is usually normal in the first morning urine, however in the course of the day values can vary greatly. 2) Extrarenal proteinuria frequently appears with acute diseases like heart insufficiency, colics, liver cirrhosis, plasmocytoma, and carcinomas. 3) Renal proteinuria is caused by increased permeability of the glomerular filter and may indicate pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, tuberculosis of the kidneys, kidneys participation at infections and poisonings, cystic kidneys, gouty kidney. Every positive test reaction requires further diagnostic examinations.
	Blood Test Principle, Evaluation, Diagnostic  The easy detection of blood in urine may be an early indicator for serious diseases of the kidneys and the urinary tract.   Principle: The detection is based on the pseudoperoxidative activity of hemoglobin and myoglobin, which catalyze the oxidation of an indicator by an organic hydroperoxide, producing a green colour.  Evaluation: The minimum sensitivity of the test strip is 5 to 10 erythrocytes/μl urine corresponding to approx. 0.015 mg hemoglobin or myoglobin/dl urine. Intact erythrocytes are indicated by flecked discolourations of the test field. The colour fields correspond to the following values: 0 (negative), ca. 5-10, ca. 50, ca. 250 Ery/μl, or a hemoglobin concentration out of ca. 10, ca. 50, ca. 250 Ery/μl. The blood test on Medi-Test urine test strips is optimally protected against interferences by ascorbic acid. Even with 40 mg/dl of ascorbic acid the tests provide safe results. Only for Combi 11 ascorbic acid in the sample may lead to false negative readings. For Combi 10® SGL and URYXXON® Stick 10 normal concentrations of ascorbic acid (< 40 mg/dl) do not influence the test result. However gentisic acid still shows an inhibitory effect. Falsely positive reactions can be produced by a residue of peroxide-containing cleansing agents.  Diagnosis: Every positive reaction should be taken as a pathological finding requiring further diagnostic examinations. Hematuria (hemolysis of intact erythrocytes occurs on the test field), hemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria are frequently caused by: Serious infections of the kidneys and urinary tract, kidney and bladder calculi, serious poisonings (e. g. benzene and aniline derivatives, chlorate, bacteria toxins, poisonous mushrooms and snake poison), heart attack, hemolysis after transfusion incident, cold hemoglobinuria or march hemoglobinuria (after strong physical exertion), different paroxysmal hemoglobinurias and serious hemolytic anemias
	Leukocyte Test Principle, Evaluation, Diagnostic  The finding of Leucocytes in urine is symptomatic for renal and urinary tract infections.   Principle: The test is based on the esterase activity of granulocytes. This enzyme splits a carboxylic acid ester. The alcohol component formed during this step reacts with a diazonium salt to form a violet dye.  Evaluation: The test detects values from about 10 to 25 leukocytes/l urine. Discolourations, which can no longer be correlated to the negative test field, and weakly violet discolourations after 120 seconds are to be considered positive. The colour fields correspond to the following leukocyte concentrations: negative (normal), 25, 75, 500 leukocytes/μl A diminished reaction can result for protein excretion above 500 mg/dl, and a glucose concentration above 2 g/dl as well as during therapy with preparations containing cephalexin or gentamycin. Bacteria, trichomonades and erythrocytes do not give a positive reaction with this test. Formaldehyde (a preservative) can cause falsely positive reactions. Excretion of bilirubin, nitrofurantoin, or other strongly coloured compounds can cover the reaction colour. For samples from female patients vaginal secretion can simulate a falsely positive reaction. In order to avoid falsely positive results, the urine should only be sampled after thorough cleaning of the genitals. Diagnosis: An increased excretion of leukocytes in urine (leukocyturia) is an important symptom for infectious diseases of the kidneys and/or urinary tract (incl. the prostate). Leukocyturia is especially important for diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis. Often it is the only symptom between acute attacks. Other causes for leukocyturia may be: analgetic nephropathia, glomerulopathia and intoxications, cystitis, urethritis, kidney or urogenital tuberculosis, fungus and trichomonade infections, gonorrhoea, urolithiasis, tumors with obstructions.
	Nitrite Test Principle, Evaluation, Diagnostic  This is an easy test to detect bacterial infection of the kidneys and the urinary tract. Principle: Microorganisms, which are able to reduce nitrate to nitrite, are indicated indirectly with this test, which is based on the principle of Griess reagent. The test paper contains an amine and a coupling component. Diazotization and subsequent coupling result in a red coloured azo compound. Only nitrite can produce a diazonium salt for coupling reaction, therefore falsely positive results are virtually impossible in this case.  Evaluation: The test detects concentrations from 0.05 to 0.1 mg nitrite/dl urine. Any pink colour indicates a bacterial infection of the urinary tract. The colour intensity only shows the nitrite concentration, and does therefore not provide information about the extent of the infection. A negative result does not preclude an infection of the urinary tract, if bacteria, which cannot produce nitrite are present. Falsely negative results can be produced by high doses of ascorbic acid, by antibiotics therapy, and by very low nitrate concentrations in urine as the result of low nitrate diet or strong dilution (diuresis). Falsely positive results can be caused by the presence of diagnostic or therapeutic dyes in the urine. Diagnosis: Bacteria, which cause infections, and can produce nitrite in the urine are e. g. E. coli (bacteria which causes most frequently infections), Aerobacteria, Citrobacteria, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonellae and in part Enterococci, Pseudomonas and Staphylococci. If the test is positive a microscopic examination and determination of susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria to chemotherapeutic agents should follow.
	Specific Gravity Test Principle, Evaluation, Diagnostic  This easy test shows, if the patient drank sufficiently. It also provides information on the kidney status.   Principle: The test indicates the ion concentration of urine with good correlation to the refractometric method. Increasing ion concentrations cause a colour change from blue-green via green to yellow.  Evaluation: The test allows determination of the urine density between 1.000 and 1.030. The normal value for adults with normal intake of food and liquid is from about 1.015 to 1.025; however, it can vary between 1.000 after extreme liquid intake, and 1.040 after a longer period of thirst. The density measured with test strips can vary slightly from value determined with other methods, since density increases due to glucose concentrations >1000 mg/dl (>56 mmol/l) are not covered. Increased protein excretion can result in density values, which are too high. Alkaline urines, with high contents of buffer substances, often show results, which are too low. Diagnosis: In kidney diagnostics determination of the urine concentration is important for checking the function of the kidney parenchyma. If high liquid intake is excluded, a very dilute urine can indicate a substantial insufficiency of the kidneys, and also a lowered ability of the kidneys to concentrate the urine, which may result from Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes insipidus, Hyperaldosteronism, influence of diuretic drugs. The density of the urine yields valuable supplementary information for the evaluation of other test strip parameters, and thus helps to avoid misinterpretations, especially: - during lysis of leukocytes and erythrocytes for interpreting possible differences with the sedimentation results - for evaluation of the test fields for nitrite, protein and glucose Especially in the intermediate range, between physiological and pathological results, the urine density can play the decisive role.
	PH Test Principle, Evaluation, Diagnostic  The pH-value is an early indicator for diseases of the urogenital tract. It may also help to distinguish between different crystals in sediment analysis. Principle: The test paper contains indicators, which clearly change colour between pH 5 and pH 9 (from orange to green to turquoise). Evaluation: The pH value of fresh urine from healthy people varies between pH 5 and pH 6. The colour scale gives a clear distinction of pH value between pH 5 and pH 9. The pH should always be measured in fresh urine, since bacterial decomposition may increase the pH of the urine to values > 9.      Diagnosis: The pH value is only of significance in relation to other parameters. More acid urine (lower pH values) is found in case of an increased protein metabolism, high fever, serious diarrhoea and metabolic acidosis (serious form of diabetes mellitus). Alkalinity (increased pH value) may be noted in urinary tract infections, respiratory or metabolic alkalosis.